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Government Employees Compensation Lower

State and Local Government Compensation Lower Than Private Sector Pay, Report Says

State and local government employees are compensated by an average of 3.75 percent less than private sector workers when education and other factors are taken into account, with a public employee compensation “penalty” of 7.55 percent for state government employees and 1.84 percent for local government employees, according to a study released Sept. 15 by the Economic Policy Institute.

“Comparisons controlling for education, experience, hours of work, organizational size, gender, race, ethnicity and disability, reveal no significant overpayment but a slight undercompensation of public employees when compared to private employee compensation costs on a per hour basis,” according to the report titled “Debunking the Myth of the Overcompensated Public Employee: the Evidence.” EPI, a Washington-based nonprofit, describes its mission as seeking to “broaden the discussion about economic policy to include the interests of low- and middle-income workers.”

Creating an accurate comparison is important, EPI said, because 37 states are struggling with substantial budget deficits and governors in several of those states—including Indiana, Minnesota, and New Jersey—have identified excessive public employee compensation as a major cause of their state’s fiscal woes.

Differing Education Levels a Factor

Part of the perceived pay gap in favor of state and local employees is due to differing education levels, the report said.
On average, it said, state and local public sector employees are more highly educated than private sector employees, with 54 percent of full-time public employees holding at least a four-year degree, compared to 35 percent of full-time private sector employees. However, state and local governments pay college-educated employees on average 25 percent less than private employers, with the greatest differential for professional employees, lawyers, and doctors, the report said.

At the same time, it said, the public sector also “appears to set a floor on compensation,” compensating state and local government employees with high school educations better on average than their peers in the private sector. “This result is due in part because the earnings floor has collapsed in the private sector,” the report said.

The report focused on education levels rather than job categories in comparing compensation, explaining that it is too difficult to compare job categories due to differences in private and public sector jobs.

“Even private and public teaching is significantly different. Public schools accept all students, while private schools are sometimes highly selective and may exclude or remove any poor performers, special needs, or disruptive students. Consequently, comparing workers of similar ‘human capital’ or personal productive characteristics and labor market skills is considered the best alternative, and well accepted by labor economists,” the report said.

Better Benefits, Less Pay in Public Sector

Compared to private sector employees, state and local government employees receive a higher portion of their compensation in the form of employer-provided benefits, and the mix of benefits is different than in the private sector, the report found.

Among other benefits, state and local employees’ health insurance and retirement benefits are more generous on average than what is found in the private sector. However, public employees on average receive less supplemental pay and vacation time, the report said.

“Some benefits are more generous in the public sector, but it is a serious error to imagine that comparability requires that each and every element of compensation is the same. What is important when considering both the employer-provided benefits and direct pay is whether state and local government workers have a total compensation package that costs what they would receive if employed in the private sector,” the report said.

The report, written for EPI by Jeffrey Keefe, an associate professor of labor and employment relations at Rutgers University’s School of Management and Labor Relations, relied on data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Labor Department’s Bureau of Labor Statistics. The sample size for earnings estimates was 44,280 total observations and 8,737 public employee observations, according to the report.

Christian Witness, PNCC, , , ,

Immigrants Expand Productivity

From the Federal Reserve Bank, San Francisco: Fed Says Immigrants Expand Productivity; No Evidence of Harm to Native Opportunities

SAN FRANCISCO—Data show that immigrants expand the U.S. economy by stimulating investment and improving worker efficiency and income but not at U.S.-born workers’ expense, according to a report released by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Aug. 30.

Giovanni Peri, an associate professor at the University of California at Davis and a visiting scholar at the San Francisco bank, summarized his recent research to conclude that immigration has positive financial effects for U.S.-born workers.

Data show that, on net, “immigrants expand the U.S. economy’s productive capacity, stimulate investment, and promote specialization that in the long run boosts productivity. Consistent with previous research, there is no evidence that these effects take place at the expense of jobs for workers born in the United States,’’ Peri said.

He added that there “is no evidence that immigrants crowd out U.S.-born workers in either the short or long run. Data on U.S.-born worker employment imply small effects, with estimates never statistically different from zero. The impact on hours per worker is similar.’’

Immigration Associated With Income Rise

Over the long run, Peri wrote in the bank’s Economic Letter, per worker income rises 0.6 percent to 0.9 percent for each inflow of immigrants that equals 1 percent of employment.

“This implies that total immigration to the United States from 1990 to 2007 was associated with a 6.6 percent to 9.9 percent increase in real income per worker. That equals an increase of about $5,100 in the yearly income of the average U.S. worker in constant 2005 dollars,’’ Peri said.

Such a gain equals 20 percent to 25 percent of the total real increase in average yearly income per worker registered in the United States between 1990 and 2007, Peri said.

A third result is that in the short run, physical capital per unit of output is decreased by net immigration, but in the medium to long run, businesses expand their equipment and physical plant proportionally to their increase in production, Peri said.

Peri was traveling out of the country Aug. 30 and was unavailable for comment on his report.

Immigrants Tend to Take Different Occupations

Already well documented is that U.S.-born workers and immigrants tend to take different occupations, Peri said. Among less-educated workers, those born in the United States tend to have jobs in manufacturing or mining, while immigrants tend to have jobs in personal services and agriculture. Among more-educated workers, U.S.-born workers tend to work as managers, teachers, and nurses while immigrants tend to work as engineers, scientists, and doctors, he said.

Because those born in the United States have relatively better English language skills, they tend to specialize in communication tasks, Peri said. “Immigrants tend to specialize in other tasks, such as manual labor,’’ he wrote.

“The share of immigrants among the less educated is strongly correlated with the extent of U.S.-born worker specialization in communication tasks,’’ Peri wrote in the report titled “The Effect of Immigrants on U.S. Employment and Productivity.’’

“In states with a heavy concentration of less-educated immigrants, U.S.-born workers have migrated toward more communication-intensive occupations. Those jobs pay higher wages than manual jobs, so such a mechanism has stimulated the productivity of workers born in the United States and generated new employment opportunities,’’ Peri said.

This “typically pushes U.S.-born workers toward better-paying jobs, enhances the efficiency of production, and creates jobs,’’ Peri said. Task specialization, however, may involve adopting different techniques or managerial procedures and renovating or replacing capital equipment. “Hence, it takes some years to be fully realized,’’ he said.

As we celebrate this Labor Day, let us thank all workers, and do each justice, whatever their background, origin, or line of work. May our Lord bless all our labor.

I pray for the employed, that they may work as unto Thee and not unto men. I pray for the unemployed, that they may find work and be saved from despondency. Be Thou their strength in adversity. — an excerpt from A General Intercession from A Book of Devotions and Prayers According to the Use of the Polish National Catholic Church.

Christian Witness, Political, , , ,

IWJ’s Organizing for Worker Justice Training

Register is open for IWJ’s Organizing for Worker Justice Training to be held October 3-7, 2010 in Chicago, IL.

The training is for those who may be:

  • Board members, leaders, or volunteers of an interfaith organization
  • Organizers with a faith-based organization or worker’s center
  • Religious or community outreach staff of a union

The training is designed to assist in understanding religious and labor structures, learning how to strengthen partnerships between religious and labor leaders, understanding the fundamentals of Direct Action Organizing, designing creative interfaith actions, developing strategies for building your organization and effective fundraising strategies, and framing the message about religious values and workers’ rights to the media.

Information and registration can be found at the IWJ Conference website. The deadline for registration is September 15th.

Christian Witness, Perspective, Political, Work, ,

In preparation for Labor Day

From IWJ: It’s been a particularly challenging year for workers. Hundreds of thousands are still without jobs; the rights of immigrant workers are constantly threatened by proposed anti-immigrant legislation; and millions of working families still live below the poverty line.

This Labor Day, we take time to remember and draw strength from the stuggles and victories of workers who came before us. And as we celebrate the past, let us also honor and lift up those individuals whose labor continue to impact our lives today.

For the month of September, I join IWJ, and also invite you, to honor at least one special worker. By honoring a worker today, we not only recognize and thank one or a handful of people in our lives, we are also supporting their efforts to improve wages, benefits and conditions for all workers.

Also, on Labor Day weekend, congregations across the country will be hosting workers and labor leaders to reflect on faith, work, justice, and the meaning of Labor Day. I encourage you to attend! Click to find a service/event near you, and visit IWJ for information on organizing an event in your congregation.

Here is a really nice reflection on Philemon 1:1-21 in Philemon: Lessons for Labor Day

The short book of Philemon is one of the lectionary readings for Labor Day weekend 2010. Only 25 verses long, commentators aren’t clear exactly what is going on in the passage. It is clearly a letter from Paul and Timothy to a man named Philemon.

Let’s identify the main characters. There’s Paul, who’s in jail, and Timothy, his younger colleague and cohort. The letter is written to Philemon, who’s described as a “dear brother and fellow worker,” Apphia, called “our sister,” Archippus, who is a solider, and to the whole Church that meets in Philemon’s home. This makes us think that Philemon is fairly well to do, otherwise the Church probably couldn’t meet in his home. Plus, he clearly has at least one slave – Onesimus.

Paul gives thanks for Philemon’s love of people and prays that he will be active in sharing his faith and recognizing “every good thing we have in Christ.”

Then the crux of the letter begins. Paul is pleading on Onesimus’ behalf. Paul acknowledges that previously Onesimus was “useless” to Philemon. We don’t know why he was useless. Perhaps he was young and foolish. Perhaps he didn’t work hard. Perhaps he was actually a very good worker but Philemon took a dislike to him. We just don’t know.

Paul says, “I could be bold and order you to do what you ought to do, yet I appeal to you on the basis of love.” So somehow, it appears that Philemon wasn’t being fair to Onesimus. Philemon is resisting doing what he ought to do, so Paul is appealing out of love.

Onesimus has served Paul well while he was in prison. He has become to him like a son, which is where we get the sense that Onesimus is young. Again, we’re not quite sure how Onesimus happened to get to prison with Paul. Perhaps Philemon had gotten mad and sent him to prison. Perhaps he had sent him with the mission of helping Paul.

Paul wanted to keep Onesimus with him, but he didn’t want to do so without Philemon’s consent, because the text says “so that any favor you do will be spontaneous and not forced.” Paul wants Onesimus to stay with him, but doesn’t want Philemon to feel like he must continue allowing him there. Interesting.

Paul speculates about the real purpose behind why Onesimus was separated. He says, “Perhaps the reason he was separated from you for a little while was that you might have him back for good – no longer as a slave, but better than a slave, as a dear brother.” He goes on to say, “He is very dear to me but even dearer to you, both as a man and as a brother to the Lord.”

You know how we often see God’s hand in situation in the long run, but not in the short run. We view things one way at the time, but another in retrospect. What would explain Paul’s comments? Perhaps Onesimus ran away. Perhaps he bought his way out of being a slave. Perhaps Onesimus stole money or did something so bad that Philemon sent him off to jail. We don’t know. But, we do know that Paul is urging Philemon to see God’s hand in all this. Paul is urging him to see his coming back as a good thing. He is coming back as a brother and not as a slave.

Paul then goes on to say that if Philemon views Paul as a partner, then Philemon should welcome Onesimus “as you would welcome me.” Obviously, Philemon was not going to welcome him back nicely, otherwise Paul would not have had to beg him like this. Somehow or other Philemon is mad at Onesimus. Further, Paul says, “If he has done you any wrong or owes you anything, charge it to me.” Paul assures him that “I, Paul, am writing with my own hand.” Paul reiterates, “I will pay it back.”

Then Paul reminds Philemon that “you owe me your very self.” I assume this is referring to the fact that Paul evangelized Philemon. Paul is reminding him of his values and the debts that Philemon owes. Onesimus is not the only one with debts.

Finally, Paul appeals one last time to his good nature: “I do wish, brother, that I may have some benefit from you in the Lord; refresh my heart in Christ. Confident of your obedience, I write to you, knowing that you will do even more than I ask.”

Then Paul asks for a room and sends various greetings.

I can’t help, on this Labor Day weekend, reading this story as one about a rich and kind of spiteful, unforgiving, boss. Paul says Onesimus is a good guy. He is a dear brother. Paul is begging Philemon to welcome him back and treat him well. And, Paul is offering to pay any debt he may have. I don’t know about you, but Philemon seems the difficult one in this passage. Paul is treating him with kid gloves, appealing to love, calling in a debt, putting the situation in a favorable light.

So, what are the lessons for us here this Labor Day weekend? Frankly, the lessons depend in part on who we see ourselves as in the story. But frankly, I think most of the lessons are for bosses and those with influence. Let me suggest four key lessons:

…

Philemon may be a short book, but it is crammed full of lessons for us this Labor Day. None of us is perfect. Err on the side of forgiving mistakes by our co-workers, employees or even our bosses. When you see injustice and unfairness in the workplace, intervene. Be willing to step outside your comfort zone and speak up for your colleagues. And finally, approach those to whom you are appealing in a respectful manner. Pray for them and appeal to their best nature. These are good lessons this Labor Day weekend. Lessons for the workplace. Lessons for our families. And lessons for the Church.

Christian Witness, Homilies, Perspective, PNCC, Political, ,

Preparing, a few weeks before Labor Day

From indeed – a job search website: Job Market Competition: Unemployed per Job Posting

How hard is it to find a job in your city? Here’s the number of unemployed per job posting for the 50 most populous metropolitan areas in the U.S…

Most upstate New York cities have 1 opening for every 4 unemployed persons, and this is after significant population losses in those cities. Workers are facing job losses, and the loss of prospects in an unprecedented way, and likely without recovery in sight for the next 8-10 years. If jobs aren’t completely gone, hours have been cut and benefits have been slashed. People need the hope an encouragement of the Church, as well as its activism. Recall the PNCCs long history of Labor activism.

If you plan to speak to working people the Sunday before Labor Day, to speak a word of hope and encouragement, Interfaith Worker Justice has resources available in its New Resources for Labor in the Pulpits 2010

Is your congregation holding a Labor Day service or event as part of this year’s Labor in the Pulpits/on the Bimah/in the Minbar program? If so, let us know about it! If not, consider celebrating the sacred link between faith, work, and justice by inviting a union member or labor leader to be a guest speaker on Labor Day weekend, or focus your Labor Day weekend service on worker justice issues.

Current Events, Political,

More on the effects of the unemployment benefit lapse

From MichiganLive: Lapse of federal unemployment benefits costs U.S. economy $10 billion

Ten billion dollars. That’s how much money has not been spent in the U.S. economy since May because of the expiration of the federal unemployment benefit program, according to Lawrence H. Summers, director of the National Economic Council, writing on the White House blog.

That’s money that unemployed Americans who were receiving federal unemployment benefits would have spent on gas, groceries, utilities, rent and other basic necessities —” but didn’t.

Missed unemployment insurance payments since May total over $10 billion —“ enough to have created 100,000 jobs. An abrupt and premature withdrawal of relief is not only something families cannot afford, it is something that the economy cannot afford at a time when the economy is at a critical juncture.

In Michigan, reports Ed Brayton of the Michigan Messenger, it equaled $205.6 million in lost economic stimulus.

Aside from the economic hardship suffered by those who have lost benefits, the reduction in economic activity threatens the recovery, according to Summers.

Unemployment insurance puts money in the pockets of the families most likely to spend the money —“ which in turn expands the economy and creates jobs. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office has identified increased aid to the unemployed as one of the two most cost-effective policy options for increasing economic production and employment.

…and from the Rockford Register Star: Strain on aid agencies rises with jobless extensions stopped

ROCKFORD —” All Kim Adams-Bakke has to do to judge the effect of lapsed unemployment benefits is listen to the chatter in the Rock River Valley Food Pantry’s waiting room.

—I hear a lot of people talking about them and what will happen if the extension doesn’t go through,— said the pantry’s executive director. —We know this is affecting us.—

It’s been 44 days since funding for 73 weeks of unemployment extensions lapsed, with efforts since to revive them ending in congressional stalemates. The benefits are in addition to the 26 weeks’ coverage offered by the states.

More than 100,000 Illinoisans have prematurely exhausted their benefits before being able to take advantage of the four tiers of extensions available.

Although a Senate vote on the funding is expected next week, it’s far from a sure thing that Democrats will garner the 60 votes they need to overcome a filibuster and pass the measure. The uncertainty has social service agencies like the food pantry preparing for the worst in the midst of an already challenging year.

—We don’t have food,— Adams-Bakke said. —Some of the basics that you and I assume will be in our pantry, they’re not there for our clients. We need everything: cereal, canned food, proteins, everything. Our extras that we have are starting to dwindle.—

Keeping warm and dry

Housing is likely the first priority for individuals or families hit by the unexpected loss of unemployment benefits, and requests for help through the city of Rockford’s Community Services Department have soared this year. Director Jennifer Jaeger said inquiries into the department’s emergency housing programs, many of which cover Boone and Winnebago counties as well as the city, have been —nonstop— this year.

—We have definitely seen a significant increase in phone calls from people whose unemployment benefits have run out,— she said. —We’re trying to schedule appointments for them as quickly as we can. Even before this most recent occurrence, we have been booked fairly solidly for six or eight weeks.—

Food on the table

Along with the food pantry, area demand for the federal food stamp program popped up again in June. More than 56,000 people in Boone and Winnebago counties were receiving funds from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. More than $8 million, or about $144 a person, was spent in June alone on the program.

Demand has been up across the state, said Tom Green, spokesman for the Illinois Department of Human Services. Through June, more than $1.3 billion has been spent on food stamps this year, compared with about $1.1 billion through June 2009.

—I can only predict that July would be higher,— he said.

The temporary assistance for needy families program, or TANF, has also seen increased demand after years of decline. In Boone and Winnebago counties, 1,915 people were receiving the emergency cash supplement in June, up 56 percent from June 2009.

Eligibility for both programs is income-based, and being unemployed doesn’t automatically qualify an individual for either benefit. The assistance for the needy generally requires a much lower household income than food stamps, although determinations are made on a case-by-case basis.

Getting by, barely

The debate on Capitol Hill over unemployment benefits has centered largely on the cost, estimated to be $33 billion to fund the extensions through November. Democrats have so far resisted demands to offset the cost by cutting spending in other areas, calling the benefits emergency spending, while Republicans have so far objected to adding to the national deficit.

A secondary argument has been the effect of lengthy unemployment insurance extensions on job-hunting motivation, with some calling the benefits —” which average $325.53 a week before taxes in Illinois —” a disincentive to finding permanent work.

But Stillman Valley resident Teresa Hill, out of work since January 2009 after 20 years in construction, isn’t seeing many options. Hill got her last $410-a-week benefit five weeks ago and had been without income since.

She’s managed to get by with help from her family, but fears what’s to come.

—I’ve pretty much just been borrowing money and hoping something comes through,— she said. —I haven’t really seen any job offers opening up here.—

From the NY Times: Fears Grow as Millions Lose Jobless Benefits

CINCINNATI (Reuters) – Deborah Coleman lost her unemployment benefits in April, and now fears for millions of others if the Senate does not extend aid for the jobless.

“It’s too late for me now,” she said, fighting back tears at the Freestore Foodbank in the low-income Over-the-Rhine district near downtown Cincinnati. “But it will be terrible for the people who’ll lose their benefits if Congress does nothing.”

For nearly two years, Coleman says she has filed an average of 30 job applications a day, but remains jobless.

“People keep telling me there are jobs out there, but I haven’t been able to find them.”

Coleman, 58, a former manager at a telecommunications firm, said the only jobs she found were over the Ohio state line in Kentucky, but she cannot reach them because her car has been repossessed and there is no bus service to those areas.

After her $300 a week benefits ran out, Freestore Foodbank brokered emergency 90-day support in June for rent. Once that runs out, her future is uncertain.

“I’ve lost everything and I don’t know what will happen to me,” she said.

The recession — the worst U.S. downturn since the 1930s — has left some 8 million people like Coleman out of work.

Unemployment has remained stubbornly high at around 9.5 percent. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in June 6.8 million people or 45.5 percent of the total are long-term unemployed, or jobless for 27 weeks or more…

Christian Witness, Events, PNCC, Political, , ,

IWJ’s Organizing for Worker Justice Training

Save the Dates for Interfaith Worker Justice’s Organizing for Worker Justice Training to be held October 3-7, 2010.

Do you want to learn how to strengthen partnerships between religious and labor leaders? Understand the fundamentals of Direct Action Organizing? Design creative interfaith actions? Develop strategies for building your organization? Develop effective fundraising strategies? Frame the message about religious values and workers rights to the media? If so, then this training is for you! Stay tuned for registration details…

Current Events, Perspective, Political, , , ,

Happening to real people

From the NY Post: Jobless and Broke 400 NYers a day see benefits expire

There’s one gone every 80 seconds.

That is, every day, 400 unemployed New York City residents exhaust their unemployment benefits, a study of state unemployment statistics by The Post reveals.

They’re among the 3.7 million out-of-work Americans who’ll be cut off from their average $400-a-week lifeline by the end of July.

“Every day I hear heart-wrenching stories from the unemployed who have exhausted their benefits and have no money to provide the very basics for their families,” said state Labor Commissioner Colleen Gardner. “Some have even lost their homes.”

One New Yorker with just a few months left before her $430 weekly checks stop says the stress takes a huge toll.

“It’s an emotional roller-coaster. . .not sleeping, a constant feeling of worthlessness,” said Sharon Angela Richie, 47, a former executive assistant at Cabrini Medical Center who lost her job more than a year ago when the hospital went bankrupt.

“I feel as if someday I’ll be homeless living in a box,” said Richie, who’s single and living with family members in Yonkers.

One Staten Island man who exhausted his checks just last month vowed he won’t take welfare to meet his $800 a month budget living in his small apartment. He’s already burned through most of his savings and credit cards.

“I’ll do whatever the hell I can to make it up,” said Richard Respler, 27, who was downsized from the back office of a major corporation — where he hopes to return someday. “I really don’t want welfare. I won’t do that.”

New Yorkers collect 99 weeks of unemployment benefits — including 73 weeks supplied by the state with federal aid. The House has voted to extend benefits but the Senate is resisting efforts to extend them beyond their already extended length.

As a last resort for aiding growing numbers of people hurt by exhausted benefits, New York State offers programs for food stamps, small stipends and other help.

“These programs are in place to help people left with nowhere else to turn,” said Anthony Farmer of the NYS Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance.

…and this video from CNN: Crunch Time for Jobless

Current Events, ,

Job Dislocation Brochure For Unemployed Workers – avoiding scams

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) has developed unbiased financial advice for dislocated workers in a brochure that tells them how to protect themselves from investment fraud, avoid job scams and keep their finances on track during a period of unemployment.

Through an affiliation and partnership with NASWA, FINRA is printing up 300,000 copies of their brochure “Job Dislocation Making Smart Financial Choices after a Job Loss,” [NOTE: large pdf] and will ship between 2,000 to 8,000 copies of this brochure to every state free of charge to give out to the States’ unemployed citizens.

FINRA is the largest non-governmental regulator for all securities firms doing business in the US and oversees 4,700 brokerage firms covering 635,000 registered securities representatives. FINRA was created in 2007 through the consolidation of a number of organizations including components of the New York Stock Exchange.

The brochure includes specific advice for unemployed individuals on how to check the background of investment professionals and find information about potential job scams from FINRA, and the state and federal regulators as well as other consumer protection agencies. The brochure also outlines how to prepare financially for a period of unemployment, how to make decisions to preserve retirement funds and what steps to take to start the search for a new position once your company announces a planned layoff.

In addition NASWA recently asked FINRA to add and highlight in the brochure some key pieces of information and advice to UI claimants. Two specific items were added to page 3 of the brochure. One points out to UI Claimants that they are required to register with the state’s employment office to begin the job search process immediately upon filing their claim. The second item highlights that it is important to let their state Unemployment Insurance agency know as soon as they return to work to eliminate the potential of a possible overpayment on their UI Claim.

Current Events

From New York’s Commissioner of Labor to unemployed workers

Statement on the Failed Unemployment Extension Bill

Albany, NY (June 25, 2010) – As many of you know, the unemployment bill to extend the eligibility dates for benefits was not passed by the US Senate last night. The bill needed 60 votes to pass but the package fell short – 57 to 41. The Senate is now in the process of determining what happens next but efforts have ended for this week. If further action is to be taken on this bill it’s likely it will not happen until after the July 4th recess (after July 12th).

In order to keep your claim active you should continue to certify each week in case legislation does pass that has a retroactive component (although this has not been proposed). In the meantime, as we wait for the next step, we urge all unemployment insurance claimants to go to New York’s myBenefits website —“ immediately. The site makes it easy for anyone to check if they may qualify for help to buy food, get health insurance, or meet other family needs. As we hear more, we’ll keep you updated.

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