Tag: History

Poland - Polish - Polonia, ,

The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War

The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War by Halik Kochanski:

The Second World War gripped Poland as it did no other country in Europe. Invaded by both Germany and the Soviet Union, it remained under occupation by foreign armies from the first day of the war to the last. The conflict was brutal, as Polish armies battled the enemy on four different fronts. It was on Polish soil that the architects of the Final Solution assembled their most elaborate network of extermination camps, culminating in the deliberate destruction of millions of lives, including three million Polish Jews. In The Eagle Unbowed, Halik Kochanski tells, for the first time, the story of Poland’s war in its entirety, a story that captures both the diversity and the depth of the lives of those who endured its horrors.

Most histories of the European war focus on the Allies’ determination to liberate the continent from the fascist onslaught. Yet the “good war” looks quite different when viewed from Lodz or Krakow than from London or Washington, D.C. Poland emerged from the war trapped behind the Iron Curtain, and it would be nearly a half-century until Poland gained the freedom that its partners had secured with the defeat of Hitler. Rescuing the stories of those who died and those who vanished, those who fought and those who escaped, Kochanski deftly reconstructs the world of wartime Poland in all its complexity—from collaboration to resistance, from expulsion to exile, from Warsaw to Treblinka. The Eagle Unbowed provides in a single volume the first truly comprehensive account of one of the most harrowing periods in modern history.

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Art, Poland - Polish - Polonia, , , , ,

Restoring what was lost

From the Atlantic Cities: Buffalo Residents Team Up to Buy Old Train Station a $3,000 Gift

Just in time for the holiday shopping season, one historic building might be getting a piece of its old self back as a gift from locals.

After spotting a $9,000 light fixture that once belonged to the Buffalo Central Terminal, neighborhood booster Christopher Byrd helped organize an online fundraiser to bring it back to its original home. This weekend, the effort reached its goal. “After I posted a link to it on Facebook, a lot of readers said they’d chip in $100 or $10 so I emailed them and said ‘let’s try to do this then,'” Byrd says.

Byrd heads Broadway-Fillmore Alive, an organization that promotes Central Terminal’s surrounding neighborhood. The current owner of the light fixture, Robert Navarro of Toronto’s Navarro Gallery put the item on hold until December 24, willing to part with it for $3,000 under the condition that it’s reinstalled inside the Terminal. “I was reached by multiple volunteers and interested parties from the Buffalo area by email. They arrived all at once,” says Navarro, adding, “I always admired Buffalo for its architecture.”

The train station served its last passengers in 1979 and experienced a rapid decline under multiple owners until the Central Terminal Restoration Corporation took control in 1997. Much of its interior was either sold off or stripped away in the 1980s with baggage carts, clocks, signage, railings and lighting fixtures finding new homes around the world. Fans of the Terminal continue to find the station’s decorations elsewhere, from eBay listings to antique stores, art museums or even Hong Kong restaurants.

The CTRC, while known for its efforts to restore the building, have never had much money to work with, depending mostly on preservation grants and memberships. “This effort from BFA allows us to concentrate on funds for stability and remediation,” says Marilyn Rodgers, executive director of the CTRC. Rodgers and the rest of the CTRC board is currently focused on repairing the building’s roof and the 15-story tower that makes it one of the city’s most identifiable symbols.

Bigger fundraising efforts have taken place for former pieces of the building before, most notably the $25,000 purchase of the original clock that now stands in the terminal’s main hall again after it was spotted on eBay in 2004.

While Central Terminal has retained some of its original decorations since its new ownership, you’ll still find its parts scattered through unexpected places. According to the CTRC’s website: The clock was found for sale in Chicago. Mailboxes from inside the building are currently in the The Wolfsonian-Florida International University Museum in Miami, Florida. A number of light fixtures are now in the Cafe Deco restaurant chain in Hong Kong. Our lights have also appeared in the movies The Hardway, For Love or Money, and Bullets Over Broadway.

Art, Media, Poetry, Poland - Polish - Polonia, , , , , , , ,

Books for the New Year

Tatra Highlander Folk Culture in Poland and America

From John Guzlowski: Thaddeus Gromada, a retired professor of European History and one of the great authorities on Tatra Highlander culture, has written a book that sets the record straight on the Górals.

The book consists of a series of short, very readable essays on the people of the highlands, their history and their ways and what happened to them when they came to America. A number of these essays talk about Prof. Gromada’s own roots in the highland.

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From writers in Australia

Four self-published workers from writers in Australia at Favoryta including Moja Emigracja/My Migration, an exploration of the cross-cultural experiences of Polish migrants to Australia. It is a collective study of migrant experience by twenty one contributors in Polish and English. Also, Okruchy/Crumbs by Aleksander S. Pęczalski, a volume of poetry and autobiography in Polish.

Finding Poland

From John Guzlowski: In the last few years, a number of excellent books about what happened to the Poles who were taken east to Siberia by the Soviets during World War II have appeared. To this short list must be added Matthew Kelly’s Finding Poland. Part memoir, part history, part family biography, part eulogy for a generation quickly receding, Kelly’s book will touch any Polish-American who has ever looked at old photographs of grandparents whose names have been forgotten or stared at yellow pages written in Polish sixty, eighty, or a hundred years ago.

And as an adult, a historian teaching at the University of Southampton, UK, he set out to answer the questions that he must have asked himself as a boy: Who were those people in those fading photographs, why were they taken from their homes, what did they suffer, and how did the suffering change them?

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The Auschwitz Volunteer: Beyond Bravery

Captain Witold Pilecki had the distinction of being the only known person to smuggle into Auschwitz, so he could report back to the Allies about the conditions there. They didn’t listen. They thought he was exaggerating.

Pilecki, who was one of 150,000 Polish prisoners, was at Auschwitz from September 1940 to April 1943, and witnessed its transition from a P.O.W. camp to an extermination camp before he escaped. Like so many others Polish freedom fighters, he was tortured by Communist authorities after the war. Pilecki was executed at their hands in 1948. Compared with the Communists, “Auschwitz was easy,” he said after his sentence was pronounced. His body has never been recovered.

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A Polish Book of Monsters/Spellmaker

Among the short form finalists for the 2012 Science Fiction and Fantasy Translation Awards (for works published in 2011) is Spellmaker by Andrzej Sapkowski, translated from the Polish by Michael Kandel (A Polish Book of Monsters, Michael Kandel, PIASA Books). Spellmaker contains five stories of speculative fiction from dystopian science fiction to fabled fantasy, these dark tales grip us through the authors’ ability to create utterly convincing alien worlds that reflect our own.

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Lune de Miel

From John Guzlowski: From the first stanza of the first poem in this amazing collection, you know Amy Nawrocki is ready to transport you through the magic of her poems to some exotic, crazy, and unimaginable place, a lover’s Paris.

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Walking on Ice

Agnes, a young girl in Poland, shares her life with us as she tries to find her place in her family and her country. But the more she learns, the more out of place she becomes. When Comrade Stalin dies, Agnes’s father pushes the limits and is sent to prison for crimes against them. So now Agnes and her mother are alone in the icy waters of an oppressive system run by an unpredictable government. Agnes starts to learn the difference between truth and lies, how things may appear and how they really are.

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Strangers in the Wild Place

In 1936, the Nazi state created a massive military training site near Wildflecken, a tiny community in rural Bavaria. During the war, this base housed an industrial facility that drew forced laborers from all over conquered Europe. At war’s end, the base became Europe’s largest Displaced Persons camp, housing thousands of Polish refugees and German civilians fleeing Eastern Europe. As the Cold War intensified, the US Army occupied the base, removed the remaining refugees, and stayed until 1994. Strangers in the Wild Place tells the story of these tumultuous years through the eyes of these very different groups, who were forced to find ways to live together and form a functional society out of the ruins of Hitler’s Reich.

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Kaia, Heroine of the 1944 Warsaw Rising

Kaia, Heroine of the 1944 Warsaw Rising tells the story of one woman, whose life encompasses a century of Polish history. Full of tragic and compelling experiences such as life in Siberia, Warsaw before World War II, the German occupation, the Warsaw Rising, and life in the Soviet Ostashkov prison, Kaia was deeply involved with the battle that decimated Warsaw in 1944 as a member of the resistance army and the rebuilding of the city as an architect years later.

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Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin

Professor Timothy D. Snyder was honored with the prestigious Polish award – Kazimierz Moczarski Award for Historical Research – for his book “Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin.” Professor Snyder also received the 2012 Jerzy Giedroyc Award.

Americans call the Second World War “The Good War”. But before it even began, America’s wartime ally Josef Stalin had killed millions of his own citizens — and kept killing them during and after the war. Before Hitler was finally defeated, he had murdered six million Jews and nearly as many other Europeans. At war’s end, both the German and the Soviet killing sites fell behind the iron curtain, leaving the history of mass killing in darkness. Bloodlands is a new kind of European history, presenting the mass murders committed by the Nazi and Stalinist regimes as two aspects of a single history, in the time and place where they occurred: between Germany and Russia, when Hitler and Stalin both held power.

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Daughter of Poland: Anna Bibro

The suffering of the Jewish people during WWII has been well documented, but we have heard little about the lives of others during the war. Anna was an ordinary citizen growing up in prewar Poland. She graduated from a teaching seminary and was married shortly thereafter. The bliss of married life ended August 1939 when Polish troops requested that her husband report to the local armory immediately. She would not see him again for nine years. By early September bombs began dropping and food was scarce for her and her two-year-old son. Russian troops soon invaded and travel was restricted. Farmers were not allowed to bring their goods to market. Anna barely escaped getting sent to Siberia.

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Coal & Ice

The revised second edition of Coal & Ice, an original memoir of fiction and poetry, includes fiction and poetry published in various literary journals including The Paris Review, The California Quarterly, The Rocky Mountain Review, The Minnesota Review, Aspen Anthology, Green House, and The Ohio Journal. Passionate, gritty poetry, Phil Boiarski magically weaves the emotions poetry is meant to evoke. His ability to stitch the memories of yesteryear, when humanity was more aware of nature and the settling of North America by the old Europeans, is stunning.

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Current Events, Perspective, Political, , , , ,

Iran 2013: Making Diplomacy Work featuring Zbigniew Brzezenski

The conference is be available to watch anytime in C-SPAN’s archives.

Brzezinski: US Should Not Follow Israel on Iran Like a “Stupid Mule”

Washington, DC – “I don’t think there is an implicit obligation for the United States to follow like a stupid mule whatever the Israelis do,” said Zbigniew Brzezinski. “If they decide to start a war, simply on the assumption that we’ll automatically be drawn into it, I think it is the obligation of friendship to say, ‘you’re not going to be making national decision for us.’ I think that the United States has the right to have its own national security policy.”

Speaking before a conference sponsored jointly by the Arms Control Association and the National Iranian American Council, Brzezinski effectively ruled out a U.S. or Israel attack on Iran as “an act of utter irresponsibility” that would mean “the region would literally be set aflame.” He warned that a policy based on such unrealistic options ultimately undermined U.S. credibility.

Panelists at the event argued that the timing is right for a renewed diplomatic initiative with Iran. “Right now is the right time, right after the American elections, and right before the Iranian elections,” observed Professor Ahmad Sadri of Lake Forest College. “Remember back to 2008 when we were in the same point in the cycle, except right now on the ground the situation is much worse. There’s more fissile material, and there’s less optimism.”

However, at the same time, Sadri noted that Iran’s soft and hard power in the Middle East has declined. “If I was an American negotiator, I’d say this is exactly the right time to go into [negotiations].”

Nuclear specialist Jim Walsh of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology argued that both sides needed to be prepared for compromise and to expand their existing offers. “You’re not going to have success if you simply continue to repeat the things you did before that didn’t work.”

“Content-wise, both sides have presented proposals where they are asking a lot and offering very little,” Walsh observed. “This is classic, everyone does this, but in this particular instance where nobody trusts one another, they take that proposal as evidence, ‘Ah ha! The other side isn’t serious.’”

The panelists agreed that the lack of trust was a major obstacle for successful talks…

Art, PNCC, , , , ,

New calendar features Polish Catholic churches of Detroit and Hamtramck

From the Macomb Daily Tribune: New calendar highlights Polish Catholic churches

Certified public accountant Thomas Sosnowski grew up in a heavily populated Polish neighborhood on Detroit’s east side.

As a youngster he remembers going to Mass on Sunday at St. Hyacinth Roman Catholic Church on McDougall Street in Detroit and often riding with his parents in subsequent weeks to the west side to visit some of the other gorgeous churches in predominately Polish neighborhoods.

Sosnowski has published a colorful calendar full of pictures of these beautiful churches along with pertinent information concerning their history. Like thousands of other people, he has fond memories of attending Mass at the churches that were decorated to the hilt, especially during the Christmas and Easter seasons.

He said he hired a couple of photographers to take photographs of the stunning churches because he is proud of his Polish heritage and Roman Catholic religion.

“Catholics who were raised in these predominately Polish neighborhoods appreciate the beauty of these phenomenal churches,” Sosnowski said. “I’m sure people who grew up in Detroit and moved to areas like Macomb County experienced the same feeling I did in going to Mass on Sundays and holy days and now would like their children to see how beautiful these places of worship were back then – even if it is just a photograph.”

Sosnowski said unfortunately some of the churches were sold and a few have been demolished. But he said many of the older Poles belong to parishes outside of Detroit but still go to Mass occasionally at some of the older churches.

“I did the calendar as a labor of love for the Polish community,” Sosnowski said. “These churches were jewels back in the day and the inside of these churches were as gorgeous as the outside.”

The days of the week and months of the year in the calendar are written in both English and Polish. Sosnowski has included images of the oldest 35 churches that were predominately Polish, including Holy Cross Polish National Catholic Church and Immaculate Conception Ukrainian Catholic Church in Hamtramck .

The colorful pictures of the churches are listed in chronological order according to the year they were founded.

Churches listed are Our Lady Queen of Heaven, St. Ladislaus, Transfiguration, St. Florian, Our Lady Queen of Apostles, St. Thomas, Immaculate Conception (Poletown), Resurrection, St. Stanislaus Kostka, St. Louis the King, Ascension (Warren), St. Hyacinth, St. Bartholomew, Immaculate Conception, Our Lady Help of Christians and St. Lawrence.

Also, Corpus Christi, Shrine Parish of St. Joseph (Pontiac), St. Albertus, St. Casimir, Sweetest Heart of Mary, St. Josaphat, St. Francis of Assisi, St. Stanislaus B & M, Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, St. John Cantius, St. Hedwig, SS. Peter and Paul, St. Barbara, St. Helena, St. Cunegunda, St. John the Baptist, Sweetest Heart of Mary, Our Lady Queen of Angels, St. Andrew, Holy Cross Polish National Catholic Church, Our Lady Queen of Angels, Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Andrew.

The calendars are $25 each plus another $3 for shipping and handling. For more information, call Mr. Sosnowski at 248-334-7522 or by E-mail.

Events, PNCC, , , , ,

The Evolution of Independent American Catholicism in the PNCC

The Rev. Mark Niznik of St. Paul Catholic Church in Belleview will speak at a Tri-County Interfaith Alliance event at 7 p.m. January 8th on “The Evolution of Independent American Catholicism in the Polish National Catholic Church of America — Its Origins, Faith Tenets, and Aims.”

The meeting will be hosted by the Unitarian/Universalist Fellowship of Marion County, 7280 SE 135th St., Summerfield. The program is free and open to the public. A question-and-answer session will follow the program and refreshments will be served. For details please call: 352-674-9288.

Poland - Polish - Polonia, , , ,

History of the Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw, Poland

Mr. Robert Cymborski has developed a website highlighting the history of the Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw, Poland as well as records of those interred there.

For the past seven years Mr. Cymborski has inventoried the resting place of the famous and ordinary Poles buried in the Powązki Cemetery. He has taken and cataloged more than 100,000 images, and has recorded graves in 105 sections from the oldest parts of the cemetery. His website currently contains more than 23,000 records of burials. It is updated once a week on average.

Mr. Cymborski undertook this project because of the lack of any documentation on burials that took place between 1792-1944, that is from the foundation of the cemetery to the Warsaw Uprising. During the Warsaw Uprising all cemetery records were lost when the Germans destroyed the city and burned down the local office containing the entire archive of the cemetery. Additionally, Mr. Cymborski was motivated by the deterioration of older grave markers resulting from weathering and air pollution. Mr. Cymborski estimates that his work will continue for the next 10-12 years.

I encourage my readers to visit the website and support Mr. Cymborski’s efforts as you are able.

Events, Poetry, Poland - Polish - Polonia, Political, , , , , , , , ,

Polish Film, Art and Book Festival

The Polish Chair at Canisius and the Polish Legacy Project are presenting the Polish Film, Art and Book Festival at Canisius College, 2001 Main St., Buffalo, NY from Wednesday, November 7th to Monday, November 19th. Presentations include:

  • Wed. Nov.7 – 7 p.m. “Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin,” Lecture by Dr. Timothy Snyder of Yale.
  • Mon. Nov. 12 – 7 p.m. Path to Glory (2011), Documentary film showing the epic story of the Polish Arabian Horse.
  • Thurs. Nov. 15 through Sat. Nov. 17, 1 p.m. – 7:30 p.m. and Sun. Nov. 18, 4 p.m.-6 p.m. – Book Fair – Thurs.-Sat. at Canisius. & Sun. Nov. 18 at Market Arcade Theatre. Books, DVDs & art on Polish topics for sale.
  • Thurs. Nov.15 – 1 p.m. – Andy Bienkowski & Mary Akers, talk about their book “One Life to Give…,” based on the experiences of Bienkowski as a child in Siberia.
  • Thurs. Nov.15 – 2 p.m. – Workshop by Bienkowski & Akers: “Writing Together: The Many Sides of Co-Authorship.”
  • Thurs. Nov.15 – 3:30 p.m. – Workshop by Wes Adamczyk, survivor of Soviet camps & author-“Writing From the Heart.”
  • Thurs. Nov.15 – 7 p.m. – Festival reception. Books, DVDs & art for sale.
  • Thurs. Nov.15 – 7:30 p.m. – Argentinian Lesson (2011), a film about an 8 year-old who moves to Argentina and learns about the world around him through 11 year-old Marcia.
  • Thurs. Nov.15 – 9 p.m. – Decrescendo (2011) Film showing the world of a nursing home through the eyes of a young therapist, who tries to find the meaning of his own life.
  • Fri. Nov. 16 – 6 p.m. – Wes Adamczyk presents “Living in the Shadows of Katyń,” about a family’s 10-year odyssey through multiple continents, and the Katyń Massacre.
  • Fri. Nov. 16 – 7:30 p.m. – Battle of Warsaw 1920 (2011) Film which tells the story of Poland’s battle vs. the Soviets through the eyes of two young people.
  • Sat. Nov. 17 – 4:30 p.m. – Workshop-Krysia Jopek: “Getting Your Work Published…”
  • Sat. Nov. 17 – 6 p.m. – Jopek, daughter of Polish WWII survivors, discusses her novel “Maps and Shadows”
  • Sat. Nov. 17 – 7:30 p.m. – Control Sample-Film about young Poles who live in four cities of Western Europe. Meet the Director.
  • Sat. Nov. 17 – 8:30 p.m. – 80 Million (2011) Film which portrays events of ten days before martial law.
  • Sun. Nov. 18 – 6:00 p.m. – Control Sample-Film
  • Sun. Nov. 18 – 6:30 p.m. – At the Market Arcade Theatre – In Darkness (2011) Film about one Catholic’s rescue of Jews.
  • Mon. Nov. 19 – 3:00 p.m. – Workshop-Poet John Guzlowski: “The Art of Listening: Writing Poems & Stories on Family.”
  • Mon. Nov. 19 – 7:00 p.m. – Siege-film by an American who documented Warsaw just before the Nazi invasion.
  • Mon. Nov. 19 – 7:15 p.m. – Guzlowski presents “Two Lives Shaped by World War II,”, the story of his parents’ lives as slave laborers in Germany.
Events, Poland - Polish - Polonia, Political, , ,

Solidarity and Martial Law in Poland presentation

“Solidarity and Martial Law in Poland” will be presented at Elms College (Alumnae Library Theater) in Chicopee, MA on Saturday, November 17th from 10 am to 5:30 pm. The program is free and open to the public. There is an optional luncheon (12-1 pm) available for $7.

This program will have several original activists in the Solidarity union movement speaking, as well as others:

  • Jersy Polak, official photographer for Solidarity 1980-1981
  • Andre Blaszcsynski, Moderator of the Conference of Solidarity Support Organizations 1983-1990
  • Neil Walsh, United States Information Agency in Warsaw 1972-76 and in Krakow 1978-1980
  • Wieslaw Olszak, Martial Law political prisoner

Workers and union activists should find this program especially important for its lesson that workers’ efforts can transform national and global history.

This program is a joint effort of the Kosciuszko Foundation (New England Chapter) and The Polish Center of Discovery and Learning in Chicopee.